LASER IGNITION OF ENERGETIC MATERIALS BASED ON CARBON CONTAINING METAL OXIDE PROPELLANT
Keywords:
laser ignition, ignition delay, combustion, energy materials, activated carbon, metal oxideAbstract
An experimental study to investigate the laser ignition using a diode laser for carbon containing energetic compositions based on metal oxide propellant in order to develop more liable and greener laser ignitors for directinitiation of the propellantwas conducted. Samples of the propellant were ignited using a 974 nm near-infrared diode laser. Laser beam parameters including laser energy, beam width and pulse width were investigated to determine theireffects on the ignition performance in terms of delay time, rise time and burn time of the propellant which wasarranged in several different configurations. The results have shown that the smaller beam widths, longer pulsewidths and shorter laser energy resulted in shorter ignition delay times and overall burn times, however, which increasing the amount of laser energy transferred to the material resulted in no significantreduction in either delay time or overall burn time. The tested propellant well responded to laser ignition, an expansion that supports continued research into the development of laser-based propellant ignitors.
References
[1] Bowden M.D., Cheeseman M., Knowles S.L., Drake R.C. Laser initiation ofenergetic materials: a historical overview. Proc. SPIE 6662. 2007. P. 208-212.
[2] Fang X., McLuckie W.G. Laser ignitability of insensitive secondary explosive 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethane (FOX-7) // J. Hazard. Mater. 2015. Vol. 285. P. 375-382.
[3] Klapotke M. Laser initiation of tris(carbohydrazide) metal (II) perchlorates andbis(carbohydrazide) diperchlorato-copper (II) // Propellants, Explos., Pyrotech. 2015. Vol. 40. P. 246-252.
[4] Damm D., Maiorov M. Thermal and radiative transport analysis of laser ignition ofenergetic materials // Proc. SPIE. 2010. Vol. 7795. P. 502-512.
[5] Ahmad S.R., Contini A.E., Fang X. Laser ignition of PolyPZ-Q (an opticallysensitisedpolyphosphazene) and its formulations with HNS // Proceedings of the43th International Conference of Fraunhofer ICT. Karlsruhe, Germany, 2012.
[6] Abdulazeem M.S., Alhasan A.M., Abdulrahmann S. Initiation of solid explosives bylaser // Int. J. Therm. Sci. 2011. Vol. 50. P. 2117-2121. ISSN 1813-1107 2 2019
[7] Aluker E.D., Krechetov A.G., Mitrofanov A.Y., Nurmukhametov D.R. Laser ignitionof PETN containing light-scattering additives // Tech. Phys. Lett. 2010. Vol. 36. P. 285-287.
[8] Maiorov M., Damm D., Trofimov I., Zeidel V., Sellers R. Reliability assessment of GaAs- and In Pb aseddiode lasers for high-energy single-pulse operation // Proc. SPIE Optical Technologies for Arming, Safing, Fuzing, and Firing. 2009.
[9] Nilsson H., Östmark H. Laser Ignition of Explosives:Raman Spectroscopy of The Ignition Zone // Proceedings of the Ninth Symposium (International) on Detonation, Portland, Oregon, August 27 – September 1, 1989. Vol. 1151.
[10] Östmark H., Bergman H., Ekwall K. LaserPyrolysis of Explosives combined with Mass SpectralStudies of The Ignition Zone // Journal of Analytical andApplied Pyrolysis. 1992. Vol. 24. P. 163.
[11] Östmark H., Ekwall K., Carlsson M., Bergman H., Pettersson A. Laser Ignition of Explosives: A LIF Study of The RDX Ignition Zone // Proceedings of the Tenth Symposium (International) on Detonation, Boston Massachusettes, July 12–16, 1993. P. 555.
[12] McIntyre D. A Laser Spark Plug Ignition System fora Stationary Lean-Burn Natural Gas Reciprocating Engine. Ph.D. thesis. West Virginia University, 2007.
