MICROWAVE RADIATION, ITS INFLUENCE FOR SOLUTIONS AND USE FOR EXTRACTIONS OF COMPONENTS OF PLANT MATERIALS

2-nd Report. The interaction of microwave radiation with plant material and factors affecting the process of extraction of natural compounds

Abstract

Plants produce an amazing diversity of secondary metabolites, which have multiple functions throughout the plant’s life cycle. Extraction is one of the crucial steps for research and development of plant secondary metabolites. The efficiency of processing and extraction of substances is determined by the speed and completeness of the physical and chemical processes underlying them. The analytical procedure, as a rule, consists of two stages: the first is the preparation of a sample using various extraction procedures (extraction in the Soxhlet apparatus, maceration, percolation, etc.), and the second stage is associated with direct analysis of substances (spectrophotometry, chromatography, spectrometry and others). If the analysis is usually completed after a few minutes, the extraction is the most limiting stage of the process, a lengthy and laborious process. That involves the use of large volumes of solvent, energy-intensive costs, especially at the concentration stage to extract the final extract. It also includes the risk of thermal decomposition of thermolabile active compounds. Various modifications of extraction procedures, which include the replacement of traditionally used solvents, the use of various physical factors, including ultrasonic and microwave processing and other areas, have been investigated and introduced. Microwave extraction is currently one of the areas of analytical chemistry, which quickly gained the position of one of the most effective and modern methods to increase the efficiency of extraction of biologically active compounds from vegetable raw materials. The review considers the effect of microwave radiation on plant material. Generalized material is on the use of microwave extraction for the selection of natural compounds, as well as the influence of various factors on the extraction process. The advantages and disadvantages of the presented method are considered.

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