OBTAINING FATTY ALCOHOLS FROM VEGETABLE RAW MATERIALS AND THEIR USE
Keywords:
fatty alcohols, hydrogenation, vegetable raw materials, used sunflower oil, plant esters, surfactants, hydrophilic-lipophilic balance, emulsifiersAbstract
This work is devoted to the production of fatty alcohols from plant mate-rials, which were used as the initial and used sunflower oil, as well as their esters obtained by esterification / using a catalyst containing compounds Cu-Cr oxide. The highest yield of fatty alcohols was observed when sunflower oil esters were used as raw materials at a temperature of 200 ° C (contact time is 240 minutes) and reaches 79.3%. The main characteristics of fatty alcohols were studied and it was revealed that they can serve as a non-polar part for the production of nonionic surfactants. The synthesis of nonionic surfactants based on glucose and fatty alcohol in a molar ratio of 1:1.5 respectively, in the presence of an acid catalyst- hydrochloric acid. The process proceeds at a temperature of 90-100 °C for 3- 4 hours with vigorous stirring, at the end of the reaction, the catalyst is neutralized with alkali to a pH of 9-11. It was revealed that the most favorable reaction temperature is 95 °С, after which increase by 5 °С a rather sharp decrease in the selectivity of the reaction was noted. The best surfactant yield was observed when fatty alcohols obtained by hydrogenation of esters of plant materials were used as raw materials, and amounts to 73%, while the yield of fatty alcohols from esters of used plant materials reaches 62%. The main physicochemical characteristics of the obtained surfactants were investigated, and it was found that the studied alkyl glucosides have a fairly good washing and emulsifying ability.
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